Wednesday, May 1, 2019

How States are Responding to ESSA’s Evidence Requirements for School Improvement


This report, based on interviews with officials from seven state departments of education, explores state efforts to assist local educators with selecting evidence-based interventions to improve low-performing schools. The report also contains some recommendations for making research more accessible to educators. 


Several themes emerged across multiple state interviews that could be informative for other state leaders and researchers. These themes are summarized below and explained in more detail, with supporting quotations from state interviews, in later sections of the report.

                • _Local education leaders, and even some state officials, are struggling with the ESSA evidence requirements, according to state interviewees. The greatest challenge is a lack of familiarity with research and methodology. As one state official observed, superintendents and principals are often hired for their managerial skills, not for their knowledge of school improvement research.

                • _Some state leaders are concerned about their ability to help the larger-than-expected number of TSI and ATSI schools. Some state officials expressed surprise at how many schools have been identified as TSI and/or ATSI schools. These larger numbers are stretching the capacity of SEA staff and raising concerns about how to provide adequate assistance to schools. Most interviewees said they have the capacity to meet the letter of the law but would like to be able to do more for these schools and for CSI schools. Some are working with outside entities to expand their capacity.

                • _States differ in the types of assistance they are providing to districts and CSI schools. Some states reported providing direct technical assistance and optional lists of interventions for CSI schools. Others have embedded SEA employees in CSI schools or are providing instructional coaches for identified schools. Some states are providing aid through regional education agencies.

                • _States report that districts are reevaluating longstanding relationships with vendors of education products and services. According to state interviewees, the ESSA evidence requirements have prompted many state and district leaders to look more closely at vendors they have worked with in the past to ensure that their products and services are supported by evidence of their efficacy.

                • _State views differed about the prohibition on using Title I SIG funding for tier 4 interventions. ESSA requires states to reserve 7% of their federal Title I funds for school improvement purposes. At least 95% of this set-aside must go to school districts, consortia of districts, or education service agencies. However, these grant funds may be used only for activities, strategies, or interventions that meet the evidence criteria for tiers 1-3, but not tier 4. Some state interviewees objected to this policy on the grounds that tier 4 encouraged innovative, research-based strategies that had not yet been subjected to the more formal study methodologies required for higher tiers.

                • _Several state interviewees said the current U.S. Department of Education (ED) has not been helpful with ESSA implementation. Some noted that ED staff are slow to answer questions or had cancelled scheduled phone calls. However, one state official welcomed the hands-off approach because it has given the state and school districts the space to figure out ESSA and their new roles.

                • _State leaders had several suggestions for how to make education research more accessible to educators. Examples included communicating research findings more clearly, eliminating barriers to accessing published research, inviting researchers to test their theories in schools,

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