The Effects of Within-Year and End-of-Year Teacher Turnover

Using unique administrative data from North Carolina that allow the authors of this study to separate classroom teacher turnover during the school year from end-of -year turnover, we find students who lose their teacher during the school year have significantly lower test score gains (on average -7.5 percent of a standard deviation unit) than those students when their teachers stay.

Moreover, the turnover of other teachers during the year lowers achievement gains, while end-of-year teacher turnover appears to have little effect on achievement. The harmful effects of within-year turnover cannot be explained by other extraneous shocks or the quality of departing teachers.

Teachers who depart from December through April have the most harmful effects on achievement, although these vary somewhat by level of schooling and subject.