A growing body of research shows that students benefit when they demographically match their teachers. However, little is known about how matching affects social-emotional development. This study uses student-fixed effects to exploit changes over time in the proportion of teachers within a school grade who demographically match a student to estimate matching's effect on social-emotional measures, test scores, and behavioral outcomes.
The authors find improvements for students in grit and interpersonal self-management when matched to teachers of their race and gender. Black female students drive these effects. The authors also find that matching reduces absences, especially for Black students.
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