Foundations shifted funds away from individual charter schools to charter management organizations and advocacy organizations

A growing body of research has been documenting the pivotal role that philanthropic funding plays in advancing state and local charter school reform. However, there is little understanding of the geographic flow of these funding patterns and the market, policy, and organizational conditions that have concentrated funding in some clusters of states more than others.

This study analyzes longitudinal funding data from 15 philanthropic foundations along with data related to the contexts of the states where grant recipients reside.

The authors find that between 2009 and 2014, foundations were increasingly converging their funding flows to charter school organizations in select clusters of states as they shifted the concentration of funds away from individual charter schools to charter management organizations (CMOs) and advocacy organizations.