Women are more likely to switch out of male-dominated STEM majors

Recent work suggests that women are more responsive to negative feedback than men in certain environments. This paper examines whether negative feedback in the form of relatively low grades in major-related classes explains gender differences in the final majors undergraduates choose. 

The authors use unique administrative data from a large private university on the East Coast from 2009-2016 to test whether women are more sensitive to grades than men, and whether the gender composition of major-related classes affects major changes. They also control for other factors that may affect a student's final major including: high school student performance, gender of faculty, and economic returns of majors. Finally, they examine how students' decisions are affected by external cues that signal STEM fields as masculine. 

The results show that high school academic preparation, faculty gender composition, and major returns have little effect on major switching behaviors, and that women and men are equally likely to change their major in response to poor grades in major-related courses. Moreover, women in male-dominated majors do not exhibit different patterns of switching behaviors relative to their male colleagues. Women are, however, more likely to switch out of male-dominated STEM majors in response to poor performance compared to men. Therefore, it takes multiple signals of lack of fit into a major (low grades, gender composition of class, and external stereotyping signals) to impel female students to switch majors.