This paper
estimates the large array of long-run benefits of an influential early childhood
program targeted to disadvantaged children and their families. It is evaluated
by random assignment and follows participants through their mid-30s. The
program is a prototype for numerous interventions currently in place around the
world. It has substantial beneficial impacts on (a) health and the quality of
life, (b) the labor incomes of participants, (c) crime, (d) education, and (e)
the labor income of the mothers of the participants through subsidizing their
childcare. There are substantially greater monetized benefits for males. Accounting
for substitutes to treatment available to families randomized out of treatment
shows that boys benefit much less than girls from low quality alternative childcare
arrangements.
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